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The McGill EMF Conference was a conference organized by Philip Morris on environmental tobacco smoke (ETS, or passive smoking) held November 3–4, 1989 at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. Almost all participants (speakers, panelists and listeners) selected and funded by the company. The proceedings of the conference were published by the Institute for International Health and Development〔()〕 (IIHD), an international health and development organization set up by the tobacco industry. The IIHD is not related to a later organization operating under the same name. The IIHD had offices in Geneva and the USA, and was a creation of labor lawyer David A. Morse (noble laureate and ex-director of the International Labor Organization to prmote the views of the tobacco industry to the United Nations, the World Health Organisation), and politicians and health-care administrators in Europe. The IIHD's headquarters were at the Catholic University in Washington, D.C. David Morse had developed strong Vatican connections through his ILO directorship, and, in partnership with another tobacco consultant Paul G. Dietrich, he provided administrative services for the Vatican's US arm of the Sovereign Knights of Malta.〔()〕 Dietrich was on the Catholic University board, and his wife Laura Jordan Dietrich had been Ronald Reagan's human rights ambassador to the UN. ==The concept== Initially the idea behind the McGill conference was for Washington's main tobacco law firm Covington & Burling to organize a Canadian training program for tobacco-industry spokesmen in North America at the medical school at McGill University. Later it was expanded to include many consultants. The tobacco industry had a long-term relationship (through grants and contract work) with Don Ecobichon, a professor of pharmacology at the university, and it had recently established a new relationship with Professor Lucien Abenhaim from McGill's Faculty of Medicine. Abenhaim was also a director of the French health research unit, INSERM, and on 9 February 1988 he was approached in Paris by a Philip Morris executive.〔()〕 Abenhaim was not cooperative and actually co-wrote a literature review〔()〕 which concluded: * There is strong evidence of an association between residential exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and both respiratory illness and reduction of lung function, and also between maternal smoking and reduced birth weight * The weight of evidence is compatible with an association between active maternal smoking during pregnancy and increased infant mortality, and also between residential exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (primarily spousal smoking) and the risk of lung cancer Abenhaim was not invited to the McGill conference and had no role in its organisation. The design of the conference came from Andrew Whist, vice-president of Philip Morris's corporate affairs, who was responsible for science issues related to smoking and health outside the US. He operated under the ultimate control of PM's CEO R. William (Bill) Murray. Whist's specialty was in generating and publicizing the arguments used by the industry to counter anti-smoking activist, medical specialists, and political reformers who were promoting smoking control. He was recognized as the leader in this field by tobacco companies and national organisations. The earliest lists of participants and speakers (who would be paid to attend the conference) were their main international consultants. But later the list was widened to include more domestic participants chosen from the very long list of US consultants (run by Steve Parrish at PM USA), and later still they included as participants a few consultants and science-staff from the other tobacco companies. The organization of the McGill conference was under the control and funding of Philip Morris until the last stages when they decided to admit some speakers and participants from British American Tobacco and RJ Reynolds Tobacco. The industry was focused at this time on the problems created by recent passive smoking research which had demonstrated an unexpected level of adverse health consequences to children, spouses, workplace associates, and non-smokers. They knew that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was threatening to regulate workplace smoking as a carcinogenic pollutant in the ambient air—and therefore that their claims that the 'smoker made the choice to smoke or not'... that smoking was a personal choice... would no longer excuse the damage to health. This conference signaled a change in propaganda and political direction. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「McGill EMF Conference」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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